Bronchitis vs. Pneumonia: How To Tell the Difference

Introduction:

When it comes to respiratory illnesses, bronchitis, and pneumonia are two of the common culprits. Although they share similar symptoms of coughing and shortness of breath, they are entirely different lung conditions. So, visit a Lung and sleep center in Lathrup village and get early treatment. 

It’s significant to know; how to differentiate between the two. A prompt diagnosis and treatment can mean the difference between a quick recovery and a lengthy illness. So, let’s take a closer look at bronchitis vs. pneumonia and learn how to tell it apart.

This blog will highlight all your confusion regarding bronchitis and pneumonia and help you differentiate between the two. 

What is Bronchitis?

Bronchitis represents a lung disease characterized by inflammation in the bronchial tubes. The inflammation leads to wheezing sound, mucus production, and coughing. Bronchial tubes are the extension of the windpipe that opens into the lungs. Thus, bronchitis represents an upper respiratory tract infection. Sometimes, however, it can turn into pneumonia that affects the lower part of the respiratory system. It depends upon certain factors like a person’s age, weakened immune system, smoking, etc. 

Bronchitis Types:

Bronchitis is of two types: acute and chronic. Acute bronchitis typically has a rapid onset and typically lasts anywhere from a few days to a few weeks. Bacteria and viruses are the most common cause of infection. On the other hand, chronic bronchitis is a long-term condition with delayed symptoms that can persist for several months. Irritants such as dust, smoking, or pollution are the most common causes of chronic bronchitis.

Causes:

The same viruses that cause the common cold or flu, such as coronavirus or adenovirus, are responsible for causing acute bronchitis. However, bacteria is a rare cause of acute bronchitis, accounting for less than 10% of cases. Chronic bronchitis, on the other hand, is commonly caused by prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke, chemical irritants, or pollution.

Also Read: Is Bronchitis Contagious? 9 Ways to Not Spread It

What is Pneumonia?

Pneumonia is a lung disease that affects the tiny air sacs in the lungs called alveoli. These air sacs serve as a center for gaseous exchange between the lungs and blood vessels. 

Pneumonia occurs when the lungs become filled with pus and fluid, causing difficulty in breathing. Pneumonia can affect people of all ages, but the elderly, young children, and people with impaired immune systems are the easiest target for them. Pneumonia is a life-threatening lung disease, especially for those having underlying health problems. 

Causes and Types:

We have combined the types and causes of pneumonia, as the types of pneumonia are classified based on the agents that cause it:

• Hospital-acquired pneumonia- is contracted during a hospital stay and may be caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, so early medical attention is essential.
• Community-acquired pneumonia- is acquired outside of healthcare settings and is typically caused by fungi, viruses, or bacteria.
• Bacterial pneumonia- is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia, as bacteria is inhaled, leading to inflammation.
• Walking pneumonia- is a mild form that may not even be noticeable, hence the name.
• Viral pneumonia- is the second most common type and is typically caused by the same viruses responsible for the common cold and flu.
• Fungal pneumonia- is rare and typically occurs when the immune system is weakened or compromised.

Is There Any Difference Between Bronchitis and Pneumonia?

Although bronchitis and pneumonia represent similar symptoms, they are diverse from each other. 

• They both differ in location and nature of the infection. Bronchitis represents an upper respiratory tract infection, while pneumonia affects the alveoli in the lungs. Bronchitis causes narrowing of the airways, which can lead to coughing and wheezing. Pneumonia causes fluid buildup in the lungs’ alveoli, leading to breathing difficulty and low oxygen levels.

• The onset and duration of symptoms are also contributing factors. Bronchitis starts with a cold or flu. It initiates with dry coughs, which lead to mucus production within days. Acute bronchitis persists for two-three weeks. Contrary to this, pneumonia symptoms may occur within two-three days and may eradicate early.

• Bronchitis and pneumonia differ in their severity. Pneumonia is a more severe form of lung disease, while you can cure bronchitis at home. Pneumonia may sometimes lead to hospitalization and, if left untreated, may lead to lung damage and eventually death.

• Bronchitis and pneumonia are different in their risk factors. Smoking, irritants like air pollution, certain chemicals, etc., are the most common cause of Bronchitis. However, the causative agents for pneumonia are an impaired immune system, age, recent viral infection, smoking, etc.

• X-rays are usually used for diagnostic purposes. The physician will ask for any medical history and hold a physical examination. Sometimes, a blood or sputum test is necessary for detecting the causative agent.

How Can You Distinguish Between Bronchitis and Pneumonia?

Bronchitis and pneumonia represent separate respiratory illnesses; however they show different symptoms. You can distinguish between the two by looking at certain factors like:

• Pneumonia and bronchitis differ in their severity. Bronchitis represents a less severe form of respiratory illness. If you feel a little discomfort and coughing, it is bronchitis. However, pneumonia represents a more severe form of symptoms and causes high fever, chills, and difficulty breathing.
• The duration for both varies greatly. If the symptoms extend from a few days to weeks, it is bronchitis. Whereas if it lasts for months or weeks, it is pneumonia.
• The onset of bronchitis is usually gradual, while pneumonia can have a more sudden onset.
• The cough in bronchitis is usually white to yellow, while in pneumonia; it can be green, yellow, or blood-stained.
• Pneumonia can cause additional symptoms, such as fatigue, rapid breathing, and chest pain, and are not typically associated with bronchitis.

When Do You Need to Seek Medical Treatment:

It is crucial to seek medical help if the symptoms of bronchitis or pneumonia persist for more than a week or worsen. However, individuals in high-risk categories should immediately seek medical attention, even if their symptoms are mild. These high-risk groups include pregnant women, children under two, adults over 65, and people with underlying health conditions such as asthma, diabetes, heart disease, or emphysema. Additionally, individuals with neurological disorders that affect swallowing, like; Parkinson’s, dementia, or stroke, are also at risk. Once a diagnosis is confirmed, a personalized treatment plan can be developed to manage symptoms and prevent complications. Seeking prompt medical attention is critical in preventing the disease from worsening and potentially causing severe complications.

Conclusion:

To conclude, bronchitis and pneumonia represent two different lung diseases but are often confused. Bronchitis represents upper respiratory tract infection, while pneumonia affects the air sacs in the lungs. Bacterial, viral infection, and saddle pulmonary embolism causes acute bronchitis. Several factors can cause pneumonia, like community-driven, fungal infections, etc. To distinguish between the two diseases, look for certain factors; like, duration and onset of the disease, the color of the cough, severity of the disease, and certain other factors. Seek medical attention when you feel any symptoms of difficulty breathing or cough.

It’s also worth noting that some people may be more susceptible to developing bronchitis or pneumonia due to underlying health conditions, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or a weakened immune system.

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